Geomagnetic Semiannual Variation Is Not Overestimated and Is Not an Artifact of Systematic Solar Hemispheric Asymmetry
نویسنده
چکیده
[1] Mursula et al. [2011] (MTL11) suggest that there is a 22-year variation in solar wind activity that coupled with the variation in heliographic latitude of the Earth during the year, gives rise to an apparent semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity in averages obtained over several solar cycles. They suggest that the observed semiannual variation is seriously overestimated and is largely an artifact of this inferred 22-year variation. We show: (1) that there is no systematically alternating annual variation of geomagnetic activity or of the solar driver, changing with the polarity of the solar polar fields, (2) that the universal time variation of geomagnetic activity at all times has the characteristic imprint of the equinoctial hypothesis rather than that of the axial hypothesis required by the suggestion of MTL11, and (3) that the semiannual variation is not an artifact, is not overestimated, and does not need revision.
منابع مشابه
Semiannual Variation of Geomagnetic Activity
The semiannual variation in geomagnetic activity is well established in geomagnetic data Its explanation has remained elusive, however. We propose, simply, that it is caused by a semiannual variation in the effective southward component of the interplanetary field. The southward field arises because the interplanetary field is ordered in the solar equatorial coordinate system, whereas the inter...
متن کاملOrigins of the semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity in 1954 and 1996
We investigate the cause of the unusually strong semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity observed in the solar minimum years of 1954 and 1996. For 1996 we separate the contributions of the three classical modulation mechanisms (axial, equinoctial, and Russell-McPherron) to the six-month wave in the aam index and find that all three contribute about equally. This is in contrast to the longe...
متن کاملAnnual and semiannual variations of vertical total electron content during high solar activity based on GPS observations
Annual, semiannual and seasonal variations of the Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) have been investigated during high solar activity in 2000. In this work we use Global IGS VTEC maps and Principal Component Analysis to study spatial and temporal ionospheric variability. The behavior of VTEC variations at two-hour periods, at noon and at night is analyzed. Particular characteristics associ...
متن کاملap-index solar wind driving function and its semiannual variations
Semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity and ap-index in particular is supposed to consist of heliospheric factor (axial hypothesis and Russell-McPherron effect) and magnetospheric/ionospheric factor (equinoctical hypothesis). In our investigation we express ap-index as a magnetospheric response function to solar wind and IMF input. Seasonal variation in ap-index on average (1963– 2003) is ...
متن کاملIonospheric and plasmaspheric electron contents inferred from radio occultations and global ionospheric maps
We introduce a methodology to extract the separate contributions of the ionosphere and the plasmasphere to the vertical total electron content, without relying on a fixed altitude to perform that separation. The method combines two previously developed and tested techniques, namely, the retrieval of electron density profiles from radio occultations using an improved Abel inversion technique and...
متن کامل